ISR (or Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance) is typically used in reference to military applications. ISR is an integrated intelligence and operations function that can be defined as a coordinated acquisition, processing, and provision of accurate, relevant, timely information and intelligence to support a commander’s decision making process. Most land, sea, air, and space installments perform critical roles in ISR acquisition to ensure success of operations.

Some examples of information acquired by ISR systems include optical, radar, or infrared images, and electronic signals. The means of acquiring this data include satellites, unmanned aircraft and aircraft systems, specialized ground, sea, or space-based equipment, and human intelligence teams.

Accurate ISR data is crucial to quality intelligence about enemy threats to enhance the effectiveness of military operations. In recent years, the ongoing development of technology has only increased the demand for ISR capabilities.